Consensus is generally understood as a decision-making procedure characterized by the absence of objection. In multilateral disarmament negotiations , however, “consensus” carries a particular nuance that distinguishes it from “unanimity”. In practical terms, consensus is reached when no State formally objects to a decision, including by requesting a vote. Importantly, “joining consensus” does not necessarily mean that a State agrees with every element of the text or outcome. It is entirely possible — and often the case — that a State joins consensus to adopt the text while maintaining specific reservations or substantive concerns. In this context, “ explanations of vote ” are an important tool for making consensus work in practice, allowing States to place reservations on the record without rejecting the outcome as a whole (see box 4). Explanations of vote may also be used to clarify why a State voted against a decision or chose to abstain. In some instances, States explicitly note ...
